effect of omega-3 fatty acid and selenomethionine on growth performance and immune response in broiler chicken
Title of the Thesis:
Studies on the effect of omega-3 fatty acid and selenomethionine on growth performance and immune response in broiler chicken
Name of the student:
Pankaj Kumar (Roll No. 9942; I.D.No: UG/VETY/DURG/2002/46)
An experiment was carried out on 180 one day-old broiler chickens to study the effect of dietary supplementation of selenomethionine (Se-m) and omega-3 fatty acid (OFA) alone or in combination on growth performance, nutrient utilization, immunological response, haematological profile, carcass characteristics and economics of raising broiler chicken from 1- 42 days, into six groups of three replicates in each group having 10 chicks per replicate on body weight basis. Accordingly, six diets were prepared as T1 – control (basal diet), T2 (basal diet +0.5% OFA), T3 (basal diet +1% OFA), T4 (basal diet +0.3ppm Se-m), T5 (basal diet +0.3ppm Se-m+0.5% OFA) and T6 (basal diet +0.3ppm Se-m+1% OFA) in a 2X3 factorial design. The diets contained 2 levels of Se-m (0 and 0.3 ppm) and 3 levels of OFA (0, 0.5 and 1 %). The diets were fed to chickens from 1 to 14 days (starter), 14 to 28 days (grower) and 28 to 42 days (finisher). The starter diet contained 23 % CP and 2900 kcal ME/kg, grower contained 21.5% CP and 3000kcal ME/kg and finisher diet contained 20% CP and 3100 kcal ME/kg feed. The diet was formulated by using yellow maize, rice polish, deoiled soybean cake, fish meal, dicalcium phosphate, linseed oil (as source of OFA) and /or soybean oil, SelplexTM (as source of organic selenium i.e. selenomethionine), vitamin and mineral premixes.
At the end (39-42 day) a 4 days metabolism trial was conducted. On day 42, three birds from each replicate were slaughtered to meat quality and carcass characteristics. The blood sample was also collected from the heart of broiler on day 42. Immunological response with respect to HI titre (at 28 and 42 days) and organ weight factor were determined. The microscopic examination of gastrocenimious muscle, caecum and colon was done.
There was significant reduction in the feed consumption as the level of OFA in the feed increased. The Se-m and OFA alone or in combination also reduced the feed consumption as compared to the control diet.
The weekly gain in body weight was significantly higher in the group T5 as compared to control or other treatment groups.
The FCR was significantly higher in the control than treatment groups. The efficient conversion of feed was recorded in T5 followed by T6.
Though the intake of feed was significantly reduced due to OFA and Se-m the availability of protein and energy to the broilers were more in these groups.
The AME (kcal/g feed) was significantly higher in OFA supplemented groups T2 and T3 as compared to the control or T4.
Se-m alone in the diet significantly increased the concentration of Se and P in the serum.
The OFA and Se-m alone or in combination significantly increased the calcium balance in the body. The phosphorous balance was increased due to OFA alone in the diet.
The dressed meat and the dressing percentage of the meat were significantly higher in treatment groups than control. There was significant increase in the abdominal fat, muscles of breast, back and neck and the weight of giblet due to Se-m and OFA alone. The maximum abdominal fat was recorded in T3. Similarly the weights of thigh, breast, back and neck muscles and giblet was maximum in T5. The Se-m in the diet increased the Se content of the meat. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher T4. The TBA value in the muscle was highly significant in T3.
The omega-3 fatty acid (linolenic acid, EPA and DHA) concentration of meat was significantly higher in the treatment groups than control However Se-m alone did not affect the linolenic concentration of the meat but increased the levels of EPA and DHA.
The HI titre against Newcastle
The platelets were maximum in T3. The interaction between Se-m and OFA was highly significant. The TLC, TEC and Hb levels was significantly higher due to dietary supplementation of OFA alone or in combination with Se-m than control.
The net profit was maximum in T5 (Rs. 10.72/kg meat).
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